Basic Portuguese Verb Conjugation

VERBS

1. Ser-Estar

In Portuguese, both verbs ser and estar mean to be and it is difficult to distinguish both for beginners.
Ser is used for permanent or unchangeable situations like nationality, origin, profession, marital status, etc. Estar is used for temporary or changeable situations, also for a state of being.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
ser (to be - permanent)	Ela é bonita. (sempre)	She is pretty. (always)
	Ele é de São Paulo.	He is from São Paulo.
	O carro é grande.	The car is big.
	É muito caro.	It is very expensive.
estar (to be - temporary)	Ela está bonita. (hoje)	She is pretty. (today)
	Ele está em São Paulo.	He is in São Paulo.
	O carro está quebrado.	The car is broken.
	Está muito caro.	It is very expensive.

2. Ser-Estar-Ficar-Andar-Viver

These verbs are often confused as they mean more or less the same in English.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
ser (to be)	Ele é nervoso.	He is nervous. (always)
estar (to be)	Ele está nervoso.	He is nervous. (now)
ficar (to become)	Ele fica nervoso.	He becomes/gets nervous.
andar (to be)	Ele anda nervoso.	He has been nervous lately.
viver (to be)	Ele vive nervoso.	He is always nervous.

3. Estar-Fazer

In Brazil, these verbs have different meanings.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
estar (to be)	Está muito frio hoje.	It is very cold today.
fazer (to be)	Está fazendo muito frio.	It is very cold.
fazer (to be)	Aqui não faz muito frio.	Here it is not very cold.

4. Ter-Sentir-Estar

Sentir and ter have the same meaning and their use is normally linked with some situation at a given time. (at this time, at 11 o'clock, after my gym class, when, etc.). Estar is used for temporary situations and it is more frequently used than ter/sentir.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
ter (to feel)	Eu sempre tenho fome a esta hora.	I always feel hungry at this time.
sentir (to feel)	Eu sempre sinto fome a esta hora.	I always feel hungry at this time.
estar (to be)	Eu estou com fome.	I am hungry (now).

5. Gostar-Gostaria

Gostar means to enjoy or to like while gostaria is the conditional form of gostar and it is only used in unreal situations (if clauses) or as a polite form.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
gostar (to like)	Eu gosto de dançar.	I like dancing.
gostaria (would like)	Eu gostaria de dançar.	I would like to dance.
gostaria (would like)	Se eu soubesse, eu gostaria de dançar.	If I knew how to dance, I would like to dance.

6. Ir-Andar

Sometimes verbs ir and andar have exactly the same meaning (to ride, to fly, to walk, etc.). For this reason, they are often confused. Ir means to go to somewhere and it must be followed by a destination while andar is not followed by a destination.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
ir (to go)	Eu vou ao Brasil de avião.	I am going to Brazil by plane.
andar (to walk)	Eu ando muito de avião.	I fly a lot.
andar (to walk)	Eu adoro andar a cavalo	I love riding on a horseback.

7. Ir-Vir

Ir (to go) is used to indicate a movement away from the speaker or the place where the speaker is at the moment of speaking while vir (to come) is used to indicate a movement toward the speaker or the place where the speaker is at the moment of speaking.

If used to indicate a movement, ir (to go) is followed by the preposition lá/ali (there) while vir (to come) is followed by the preposition aqui/cá (here). The preposition is often omitted, but try to use it at least mentally in order to make it easier to distinguish both and not misuse them.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
ir (to go)	Ele não foi à aula hoje.	He did not go to class today.
vir (to come)	Ele não veio à aula hoje.	He didn't come to class today.

8. Levar-Trazer

Levar (to take) is used to indicate a movement away from the speaker or the place where the speaker is at the moment of speaking while trazer (to bring) is used to indicate a movement toward the speaker or the place where the speaker is at the moment of speaking.
If used to indicate a movement, levar (to take) is followed by the preposition lá/ali (there) while trazer (to bring) is followed by the preposition aqui (here). The preposition is often omitted, but try to use it at least mentally in order to make it easier to distinguish both and not misuse them.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
levar (to take)	Vou levar as crianças lá.	I will take the children there.
trazer (to bring)	Vou trazer as crianças aqui.	I will bring the children here.

9. Precisar-Precisar de

In Brazil, there is a difference between both verbs. Precisar means to have to or must and it is followed by an infinitive verb while precisar de means to need and it is followed by an object.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
precisar (to have to)	Preciso ir ao banco.	I have to go to the bank.
precisar (to need)	Preciso de dinheiro.	I need money.

10. Provar-Tentar

These verbs are often confused as they are both the same word in English.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
provar (to try on )	Posso provar esta camisa?	Can I try on this shirt?
provar (to try)	Quero provar este vinho.	I want to try this wine.
tentar (to try)	Eu vou tentar falar com ele.	I will try to talk to him.

11. Saber-Conhecer

Saber means to know something or to know how to do something while conhecer means to know a place or a person.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
saber (to know)	Eu sei onde fica esta rua.	I know where this street is.
saber (to know how)	Eu sei nadar.	I know how to/can swim.
conhecer (to know)	Eu conheço esta rua.	I know this street.

12. Saber-Poder-Conseguir

Both saber and poder can be translated into English as can. However, poder is also translated as may, to be able depending on the context.

Conseguir means to manage, to be able, to get, to obtain, can depending on the context.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
saber (can)	Ela não sabe nadar.	She cannot swim. (at all)
poder (can/may)	Ela não pode nadar.	She cannot swim. (today)
poder (can/may)	Posso entrar?	May I come in?
conseguir (can)	Você conseguiu falar com ele?	Did you manage to talk to him?

13. Ter-Ter que

Ter means to have and an object while ter que follows it or ter de means to have to or must and is followed by a verb.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
ter (to have)	Você tem filhos?	Do you have children?
ter que (to have to)	Ele tem que viajar amanhã.	He has to travel tomorrow.

14. Tocar-Jogar-Brincar

All these verbs are easily confused because they have the same meaning (to play) in English. Tocar is used for instruments; jogar is for sports/cards and brincar is used for children's play.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
tocar (to play/ring)	Ele toca violão.	He plays the guitar.
tocar (to play/ring)	O telefone está tocando.	The telephone is ringing.
jogar (to play)	Você joga tênis/cartas?	Do you play tennis/cards?
brincar (to play/joke)	As crianças estão brincando.	The children are playing.
brincar (to play/joke)	Você está brincando?	Are you kidding?

15. Verbos + que (verbs + que)

In Portuguese, there are some verbs which require the conjunction that (que) while in English it is not required at all or it can often be omitted. The conjunction que (that) is especially used with the subjunctive mood.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
achar (to think)	Acho que ele está em casa.	I think that he is at home.
dizer (to say)	Ele disse que ele não pode.	He said that he cannot.
esperar (to hope)	Espero que não chova.	I hope that it will not rain.
querer (to want)	Ele quer que eu vá com ele.	He wants me to go with him.
saber (to know)	Eu sei que ele tem tempo.	I know that he has time.

16. Verbos + prep. (verbs + prepositions)

In Portuguese, there are verbs which are followed by prepositions that differ from English. Try to learn the most important verbs along with the prepositions and remember that a preposition usually varies in gender (masculine/feminine) and in number (singular/plural), if it is followed by a noun.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
gostar (to like)	Ele gosta muito do Brasil.	He loves Brazil.
começar (to begin)	Ele começou a trabalhar.	He began working.
ir (to go)	Não posso ir à reunião.	I cannot go to the meeting.
precisar (to need)	Você precisa destas cartas?	Do you need these letters?

17. Verbos impessoais (impersonal verbs)

Certain verbs in Portuguese are only used in the 3^rd person. This is usually 3^rd person singular (he/she/it), but may be 3^rd person plural (they), if referring to animals.

These verbs often refer to natural phenomenon or are used in idiomatic expressions.

Remark: Sometimes the meaning of the verb will change when used as impersonal verb.

VERBS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
chover (to rain)	Choveu muito ontem.	It rained a lot yesterday.
latir (to bark)	Os cachorros estão latindo.	The dogs are barking.
dar (to give)	Dá pra você ligar depois?	Can you call me later?
fazer (to do)	Faz um ano que moro aqui.	I have lived here for one year.
haver (there is/are)	Há muita gente aqui.	There are many people here.
ter (there is/are)	Tem muita gente aqui.	There are many people here.

A verb is an action or a doing word in a sentence. It is the most important word in a sentence that must always be present to complete an idea. In Portuguese, the endings of verbs are more varied and there are more tenses available than in English. Therefore, Portuguese verbs are much more complicated than English verbs.

Conjugation

There are three conjugations, that is, three main verb groups in Portuguese.

CONJUGATIONS	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
verbs ending in -ar	falar	to speak
verbs ending in -er	beber	to drink
Verbs ending in -ir	assistir	to watch

Mood

In Portuguese, the verbs are divided into three moods.

Indicative	used to express a sure fact.
Subjunctive	used to express an unsure or possible fact, a wish, etc.
Imperative	used to express a command, a wish or an advice.

Remark:

· The subjunctive is used after certain verbs, expressions, conjunctions and adverbs. It is normally difficult to understand it as it does not have a corresponding form in English.

· The study of the subjunctive is for intermediate and advanced students, but you can easily communicate in Portuguese without it in the early stage.

Tenses

In Portuguese, a tense can be called simple tense or compound tense. A simple tense consists of only one verb, that is, the main verb while a compound tense consists of two verbs, that is, an auxiliary verb and the main verb.

The main auxiliary verbs used in Portuguese to form compound tenses are estar (to be, used to form continuous tenses); ir (to go, used to form the future tense); ter (to have, used to form perfect tenses) and ser (to be, used to form the passive voice).

Regular Verbs

Regular verbs have a invariable radical (falar - to speak) and are easy to memorize. Each conjugation follows a different, but regular pattern.

Below you will find an example of regular verbs conjugated in all tenses available and used in Portuguese.

1. Indicative Simple Tenses

falar (to speak)	beber (to drink)	assistir (to watch)
presente (simple present)
fal-o	beb-o	assist-o
fal-a	beb-e	assist-e
fal-amos	beb-emos	assist-imos
fal-am	beb-em	assist-em
Stress: falo/fala/falamos/falam
pretérito perfeito simples (simple past/present perfect)
fal-ei	beb-i	assist-i
fal-ou	beb-eu	assist-iu
fal-amos	beb-emos	assist-imos
fal-aram	beb-eram	asssist-iram
Stress: falei/falou/falamos/falaram
pretérito imperfeito (past imperfect)
fal-ava	beb-ia	assist-ia
fal-ava	beb-ia	assist-ia
fal-ávamos	beb-íamos	assist-íamos
fal-avam	beb-iam	assist-iam
Stress: falava/falava/falávamos/falavam
pretérito mais-que-perfeito simples (past perfect)
fal-ara	beb-era	assist-ira
fal-ara	beb-era	assist-ira
fal-áramos	beb-êramos	assist-íramos
fal-aram	beb-eram	asssist-iram
Stress: falara/falara/faláramos/falaram
futuro (simple future)
vou fal-ar	vou beb-er	vou assist-ir
vai fal-ar	vai beb-er	vai assist-ir
vamos fal-ar	vamos beb-er	vamos assist-ir
vão fal-ar	vão beb-er	vão assist-ir
Stress: vou/vai/vamos/vão + falar
futuro do presente simples (simple future)
fal-arei	beb-erei	assist-irei
fal-ará	beb-erá	assist-irá
fal-aremos	beb-eremos	assist-iremos
fal-arão	beb-erão	assist-irão
Stress: falarei/falará/falaremos/falarão
futuro do pretérito simples (conditional)
fal-aria	beb-eria	assist-iria
fal-aria	beb-eria	assist-iria
fal-aríamos	beb-eríamos	assist-iríamos
fal-ariam	beb-eriam	assist-iriam
Stress: falaria/falaria/falaríamos/falariam

Remark:

The simple present is the tense with the most irregular verbs in Portuguese.
The simple past is the most frequently used past tense in Portuguese.
The past perfect tense (simple form) is rarely used nowadays, even in the written form.
There are two ways (simple and compound form) to express the simple future in Portuguese. The compound form (ir + infinitive) is more frequently used than the simple form.
The conditional is also a tense in Portuguese.

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Eu falo	I speak
Eu falei	I spoke/have spoken
Eu falava	I spoke/used to speak
Eu falara = tinha falado	I had spoken
Eu vou falar = falarei	I am going to/will speak
Eu falaria	I would speak

2. Indicative Continuous Tenses

presente contínuo (present continuous)
estou fal-ando	estou beb-endo	estou assist-indo
está fal-ando	está beb-endo	está assist-indo
estamos fal-ando	estamos beb-endo	estamos assist-indo
estão fal-ando	estão beb-endo	estão assist-indo
Stress: estou/está/estamos/estão + falando
passado contínuo (past continuous)
estava fal-ando	estava beb-endo	estava assist-indo
estava fal-ando	estava beb-endo	estava assist-indo
estávamos fal-ando	estávamos beb-endo	estávamos assist-indo
estavam fal-ando	estavam beb-endo	estavam assist-indo
Stress: estava/estávamos/estavam + falando

Remark:

In Portuguese, all verbs, with the exception of the verb estar (to be), can be used to form the continuous tenses (progressive form).
The Portuguese -ndo form corresponds to the English -ing form.
To form the -ndo form, just drop the r from the infinitive form and add -ndo. Example: falar > fala > falando (to speak > speaking)

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Eu estou/estava falando	I am/was speaking

3. Indicative Compound (Perfect) Tenses

pretérito perfeito composto (present perfect continuous/present perfect)
tenho fal-ado	tenho beb-ido	tenho assist-ido
tem fal-ado	tem beb-ido	tem assist-ido
temos fal-ado	temos beb-ido	temos assist-ido
têm fal-ado	têm beb-ido	têm assist-ido
Stress: tenho/tem/temos/têm + falado
pretérito mais-que-perfeito composto (past perfect)
tinha fal-ado	tinha beb-ido	tinha assist-ido
tinha fal-ado	tinha beb-ido	tinha assist-ido
tínhamos fal-ado	tínhamos beb-ido	tínhamos assist-ido
tinham fal-ado	tinham beb-ido	tinham assist-ido
Stress: tinha/tinha/tínhamos/tinham + falado
futuro do presente composto (future perfect)
terei fal-ado	terei beb-ido	terei assist-ido
terá fal-ado	terá beb-ido	terá assist-ido
teremos fal-ado	teremos beb-ido	teremos assist-ido
terão fal-ado	terão beb-ido	terão assist-ido
Stress: terei/terá/teremos/terão + falado
futuro do pretérito composto (conditional perfect)
teria fal-ado	teria beb-ido	teria assist-ido
teria fal-ado	teria beb-ido	teria assist-ido
teríamos fal-ado	teríamos beb-ido	teríamos assist-ido
teriam fal-ado	teriam beb-ido	teriam assist-ido
Stress: teria/teria/teríamos/teriam + falado

Remark:

The past perfect compound tense is preferred to the past perfect simple tense.
The future perfect, normally seen in the written form, is rarely used.

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Eu tenho falado	I have spoken/been speaking
Eu tinha falado = falara	I had spoken
Eu terei falado	I will have spoken
Eu teria falado	I would have spoken

4. Subjunctive Simple Tenses

presente do subjuntivo (present subjunctive)
fal-e	beb-a	assist-a
fal-e	beb-a	assist-a
fal-emos	beb-amos	assist-amos
fal-em	beb-am	assist-am
Stress: fale/fale/falemos/falem
imperfeito do subjuntivo (imperfect subjunctive)
fal-asse	beb-esse	assist-isse
fal-asse	beb-esse	assist-isse
fal-ássemos	beb-êssemos	assist-íssemos
fal-assem	beb-essem	assist-issem
Stress: falasse/falasse/falássemos/falassem
futuro simples do subjuntivo (future subjunctive)
fal-ar	beb-er	assist-ir
fal-ar	beb-er	assist-ir
fal-armos	beb-ermos	assist-irmos
fal-arem	beb-erem	assist-irem
Stress: falar/falar/falarmos/falarem

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Talvez eu fale	Maybe I will speak
Se eu falasse	If I spoke
Quando eu falar	Whenever I speak

5. Subjunctive Continuous Tenses

presente contínuo do subjuntivo (present continuous subjunctive)
esteja fal-ando	esteja beb-endo	esteja assist-indo
esteja fal-ando	esteja beb-endo	esteja assist-indo
estejamos fal-ando	estejamos beb-endo	estejamos assist-indo
estejam fal-ando	estejam beb-endo	estejam assist-indo
Stress: esteja/esteja/estejamos/estejam + falando
passado contínuo do subjuntivo (past continuous subjunctive)
estivesse fal-ando	estivesse beb-endo	estivesse assist-indo
estivesse fal-ando	estivesse beb-endo	estivesse assist-indo
estivéssemos fal-ando	estivéssemos beb-endo	estivéssemos assist-indo
estivessem fal-ando	estivessem beb-endo	estivessem assist-indo
Stress: estivesse/estivesse/estivéssemos/estivessem + falando
futuro contínuo do subjuntivo (future continuous subjunctive)
estiver fal-ando	estiver beb-endo	estiver assist-indo
estiver fal-ando	estiver beb-endo	estiver assist-indo
estivermos fal-ando	estivermos beb-endo	estivermos assist-indo
estiverem fal-ando	estiverem beb-endo	estiverem assist-indo
Stress: estiver/estiver/estivermos/estiverem + falando

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Talvez eu esteja falando	Maybe I am speaking
Se eu estivesse falando	If I were speaking
Quando eu estiver falando	When I am speaking

6. Subjunctive Compound Tenses

pretérito perfeito do subjuntivo (present perfect subjunctive)
tenha fal-ado	tenha beb-ido	tenha assist-ido
tenha fal-ado	tenha beb-ido	tenha assist-ido
tenhamos fal-ado	tenhamos beb-ido	tenhamos assist-ido
tenham fal-ado	tenham beb-ido	tenham assist-ido
Stress: tenha/tenha/tenhamos/tenham + falado
pretérito mais-que-perfeito do subjuntivo (past perfect subjunctive)
tivesse fal-ado	tivesse beb-ido	tivesse assist-ido
tivesse fal-ado	tivesse beb-ido	tivesse assist-ido
tivéssemos fal-ado	tivéssemos beb-ido	tivéssemos assist-ido
tivessem fal-ado	tivessem beb-ido	tivessem assist-ido
Stress: tivesse/tivesse/tivéssemos/tivessem + falado
futuro composto do subjuntivo (future perfect subjunctive)
tiver fal-ado	tiver beb-ido	tiver assist-ido
tiver fal-ado	tiver beb-ido	tiver assist-ido
tivermos fal-ado	tivermos beb-ido	tivermos assist-ido
tiverem fal-ado	tiverem beb-ido	tiverem assist-ido
Stress: tiver/tiver/tivermos/tiverem + falado

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Talvez eu tenha falado	Maybe I have spoken
Se eu tivesse falado	If I had spoken
Quando eu tiver falado	Whenever I have spoken

7. Imperative (command)

imperativo (command)
fal-a = fal-e	beb-e = beb-a	assist-e = assist-a
fal-em	beb-am	assistam
Stress: fala/fale/falem

Remark:

In Brazil, there are two singular forms for expressing the command. The first one (fala) is widely used in the spoken and the second one (fale) in the written language.
There is one more form (falemos/bebamos/assistamos) which refers to the subject pronoun nós (we), but it is rarely used. There is no need to learn it except for Vamos (Let's go).

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
(Não) fala/fale/falem	(Do not) speak

8. Personal Infinitive

infinitivo pessoal presente simples (personal infinitive - simple form)
fal-ar	beb-er	assist-ir
fal-ar	beb-er	assist-ir
fal-armos	beb-ermos	assist-irmos
fal-arem	beb-erem	assist-irem
Stress: falar/falar/falarmos/falarem
infinitivo pessoal pretérito composto (personal infinitive - compound form)
ter fal-ado	ter beb-ido	ter assist-ido
ter fal-ado	ter beb-ido	ter assist-ido
termos fal-ado	termos beb-ido	termos assist-ido
terem fal-ado	terem beb-ido	terem assist-ido
Stress: ter/ter/termos/terem + falado

Remark:

The personal infinitive is a feature available only in the Portuguese language.
The personal infinitive is easy to confuse with the future subjunctive because the regular verbs have the same form in both tenses, but the rules for using the personal infinitive and the future subjunctive are completely different.

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Depois de eu falar	After I spoke
Depois de eu ter falado	After I have spoken

9. Participles

gerúndio presente (present participle - simple form)
fal-ando	beb-endo	assist-indo
Stress: falando
gerúndio pretérito (present participle - compound form)
tendo fal-ado	tendo beb-ido	tendo assist-ido
Stress: tendo falado
particípio (past participle - regular form)
fal-ado	beb-ido	assist-ido
Stress: falado

Remark:

· The present participle, called gerund in Portuguese, is usually used to form the continuous tenses and with a few verbs. It is not used after prepositions and it does not have a noun or an adjective function as in English.

· The past participle can be regular or irregular as in English. In fact, there are only a few frequently used verbs which have irregular past participles.

· In Portuguese, there are a few verbs which have two past participles, a regular and an irregular one. The regular form (invariable) is used to form compound (perfect) tenses (ter + past participle) while the irregular form (variable in gender and in number) is mainly used to form the passive voice.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs which have a variable radical (fazer > faço, to do > I do), minor spelling changes (dormir > durmo, to sleep > I sleep) and sometimes even a completely different form (ir > vou, to go > I go), are more difficult and need more time to be memorized.

Irregular verbs can be very hard, especially for beginners, but do not worry about this. With time and some practice they come naturally.

Below you will find an example of an irregular verb conjugated in all tenses available and used in Portuguese.

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Remark:

· In Portuguese, a verb can be regular in one tense, but irregular in another. Verb ter (to have), for example, is irregular in the present and past tenses, but regular in the future, continuous, conditional and compound perfect) tenses. See the table below.

1. Indicative

ter (to have)
gerúndio/present participle: tendo		particípio/past participle: tido
presente simple present	perfeito simples simple past	imperfeito past imperfect	futuro simple future
tenho	tive	tinha	vou ter
tem	teve	tinha	vai ter
temos	tivemos	tínhamos	vamos ter
têm	tiveram	tinham	vão ter
presente contínuo present continuous	passado contínuo past continuous	futuro do presente simple future	futuro do pretérito present conditional
estou tendo	estava tendo	terei	teria
está tendo	estava tendo	terá	teria
estamos tendo	estávamos tendo	teremos	teríamos
estão tendo	estavam tendo	terão	teriam
pretérito perfeito composto pres.perf.cont./pres.perf.	pret. mais-que-perf. composto past perfect	futuro do presente composto future perfect	futuro do pretérito composto perfect conditional
tenho tido	tinha tido	terei tido	teria tido
tem tido	tinha tido	terá tido	teria tido
temos tido	tínhamos tido	teremos tido	teríamos tido
têm tido	tinham tido	terão tido	teriam tido

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Eu tenho	I have
Eu tive	I had
Eu tinha	I had/used to have
Eu estou tendo	I am having
Eu estava tendo	I was having
Eu vou ter = terei	I am going to/will have
Eu teria	I would have
Eu tenho tido	I have had
Eu tinha tido = tivera	I had had
Eu terei tido	I will have had
Eu teria tido	I would have had

2. Subjunctive

presente do subjuntivo present subjunctive	imperfeito do subjuntivo imperfect subjunctive	futuro do subjuntivo future subjunctive
tenha	tivesse	tiver
tenha	tivesse	tiver
tenhamos	tivéssemos	tivermos
tenham	tivessem	tiverem
pres. cont. do subjuntivo present cont. subjunctive	passado cont. do subjuntivo past continuous subjunctive	futuro cont. do subjuntivo future continuous subjunctive
esteja tendo	estivesse tendo	estiver tendo
esteja tendo	estivesse tendo	estiver tendo
estejamos tendo	estivéssemos tendo	estivermos tendo
estejam tendo	estivessem tendo	estiverem tendo
pret. perfeito do subjuntivo present perfect subjunctive	pret. mais-que-perf. do subj. past perfect subjunctive	fut. composto do subjuntivo future perfect subjunctive
tenha tido	tivesse tido	tiver tido
tenha tido	tivesse tido	tiver tido
tenhamos tido	tivéssemos tido	tivermos tido
tenham tido	tivessem tido	tiverem tido

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
Talvez eu tenha	Maybe I have
Se eu tivesse	If I had
Quando eu tiver	Whenever I have
Talvez eu esteja tendo	Maybe I am having
Se eu estivesse tendo	If I were having
Quando eu estiver tendo	When I am having
Talvez eu tenha tido	Maybe I have had
Se eu tivesse tido	If I had had
Quando eu tiver tido	When I have had

xRemark: Remember that the subjunctive does not have a corresponding form in English.

3. Imperative and Personal Infinitive

imperativo command	infinitivo pessoal simples personal infinitive	infinitivo pessoal composto personal infinitive perfect
-	ter	ter tido
tem/tenha	ter	ter tido
(tenhamos)	termos	termos tido
tenham	terem	terem tido

Remark: Remember that the personal infinitive is a feature available only in the Portuguese language and it does not have a corresponding form in English.

Example:

PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
(Não) tenha	(Do not) have
Depois de eu ter	After I had
Depois de eu ter tido	After I have had

Active and Passive Voice

A verb can be used in the active or in the passive voice. In the active voice the subject does the action while in the passive voice the subject has the action done to it.

The passive voice can be used in all tenses. The verb ser (to be) is used to form the passive voice along with the past participle of the main verb.

VOICE	PORTUGUESE	ENGLISH
active	O médico me examinou.	The doctor examined me.
passive	Fui examinado (pelo médico).	I was examined (by the doctor).

Be aware that in Portuguese in the passive voice not only the verb to be must be in agreement with the object, but also the past participle of the main verb must also be in agreement with the object.

PASSIVE VOICE	ENGLISH
Fui examinado	I was examined (male/singular)
Fui examinada	I was examined (female/singular)
Fomos examinados	We were examined (male/plural)
Fomos examinadas	We were examined (female/plural)

Remark:

· The passive voice is followed by the preposition por (by), which can vary pelo(s)/pela(s) as it must agree with the subject it refers to. However, this preposition is usually omitted if it is not important to know by whom the action was done. There are a few verbs like entregar (to deliver) for example, which have two past participles (entregado/entregue - delivered), a regular one and an irregular one. The irregular one (entregue) is used with the passive voice and the regular one (entregado) with the active voice.